Njengamazwe amaninzi aphuhlileyo namhlanje, i-China ijongene nokunqongophala kwabasebenzi abanezakhono. Isidingo esiphuthumayo sokunciphisa abasebenzi kunye nokwandisa imveliso kuye kwabangela ukuba iBeijing ize nesisombululo: ukufaka iirobhothi ezininzi zoshishino kwiifektri. Nangona kunjalo, oku akuyi kunceda.
Ukuze kuphuculwe imigca yemveliso enokuvelisa iimveliso zexabiso eliphezulu, iSebe lezoShishino kunye neTekhnoloji yoLwazi laseTshayina likhuphe iSicwangciso seSicelo seRobhothi kwinyanga ephelileyo. Unenjongo ecacileyo: ukuphindaphinda ukuxinana kweerobhothi kwicandelo lemizi-mveliso ngowama-2025 ukusuka kuma-246 ngabasebenzi abayi-10,000 ngo-2020. Isicwangciso sicebisa ukwandisa ukusetyenziswa koomatshini ukubandakanya umbane wamanzi, iifama zomoya kunye neenkqubo ezibalulekileyo zamandla.
Olu hlobo lokujolisa kwitekhnoloji yindlela yaseBeijing yokwenza izinto (cinga "Yenziwe eChina ngo-2025"). Ngokutsho kweDaiwa Capital Markets Hong Kong Ltd., ukuxinana kweerobhothi kufuneka kunyuke nge-13% ngonyaka (1) ukufikelela kwithagethi yokugqibela. Ngeli xesha, imfuno yabasebenzi belizwe inokuthi icutheke kule minyaka mithathu izayo, ukunyuka kwemveliso kwimveliso ye2020 yaqhubeka. Lilonke, umkhwa walatha kwibhalansi efanelekileyo yokubonelela kunye nemfuno yokuzenzekelayo.
Iinkampani zasekhaya ezifana ne-Estun Automation kunye ne-Shenzhen Inovance Technology zakha ngokukhawuleza, oomatshini abachanekileyo abanokudibanisa iimoto, ukuhamba kwi-3D, kunye nokugoba ngeendlela ezinzima - phantse njengesandla somntu. Abanye bayakwazi ukuwelda, bajike izikrufu, benze neempawu zelaser. I-Metalworking kunye neenkampani ze-auto parts zibamba, kunye nokuthengiswa kwe-72% kwikota yokugqibela ye-2022. Iinkampani zaseJapan i-Fanuc Corp. kunye ne-Yaskawa Electric Corp. zibambe indawo ehamba phambili kwimarike kwaye zanelisa uninzi lweemfuno.
Ngeli xesha, iphulo likarhulumente langaphambili lokwenza iifektri ezizenzekelayo libangele ukuba i-China ibe nabasebenzi berobhothi bakhulu emhlabeni kunye nofakelo oluphezulu lonyaka. Oku kunceda ukukhawulezisa inkqubo yokuvelisa kunye nokuphucula ukuchaneka kwemveliso.
Nangona kunjalo, ukufaka iirobhothi ezininzi kwimigangatho yokuvelisa akuthethi ukuba iChina iya kufezekisa ukuqhubela phambili kwetekhnoloji ngokukhawuleza kunye nokutsiba kwimveliso. Ngelixa aba matshini benzelwe ukugcwalisa izikhewu kubasebenzi, bakwafuna abantu abanezakhono eziphezulu ukuze bavune izibonelelo zokwenza ngobuchule. Ngaphandle kweziqinisekiso ezifanelekileyo, abasebenzi abanakucwangcisa kwaye basebenzise izixhobo ezizenzekelayo.
Xa kujongwa isantya esenziwa ngaso i-China obu bugcisa, abasebenzi belizwe abasuka kwamanye amazwe abazizigidi ezingama-300 akunakwenzeka ukuba benze igalelo elibonakalayo kwisambuku semveliso yasekhaya. Ukusukela ngo-2021, kuphela yi-12.6% enedigri yasekholejini okanye ngaphezulu.
Oku kukhathaza abona basebenzi baninzi behlabathi. Ekupheleni kweli shumi leminyaka, ukuya kutsho kuma-40 ekhulwini kwimisebenzi eyenziwa ngamakhulu ezigidi zabasebenzi abasuka kwamanye amazwe iza kube isenziwa ngoomatshini. Ngaphezu kwesiqingatha sabo sineminyaka engama-41 nangaphezulu, kulucelomngeni ukuziqeqesha kwakhona. Ngeli xesha, ukutsala amaTshayina amatshayina amatsha, anezakhono ezithe kratya kunye nabafundileyo kuya kuthatha ixesha- kwaye ayizukwenzeka ngesantya sokwanda koxinzelelo lwerobhothi okanye ngaphakathi kwexesha elimiselwe yinkonzo. Ngelo xesha, abantu abancinci nabancinci bakhetha ukuzibandakanya kwimveliso, bekhetha iinkonzo. Aba bemi ngoku abasahambi kangako, bafuna umsebenzi kufutshane nasekhaya.
Ukuyekisa ukuqhubeka nokuyeka, abacwangcisi bakarhulumente baye bazama ukukhuthaza abasebenzi ukuba babuyele emisebenzini yabo emva kokuba bepholile kwi-Covid. Inani lenkxaso-mali libhengezwe. Emva koNyaka oMtsha waseLunar, amawaka eebhasi, iinqwelomoya kunye noololiwe bahlanganiswa ukuba bathathe abantu babase kumaziko okuvelisa kunye neendawo zokwakha. Kwisixeko esisemazantsi eDongguan, amagosa achithe phantse i-3 yezigidi zeedola ekuqeshweni. Ngelixa oku kunokunceda iziseko zophuhliso kunye neenkonzo, ezi nzame zinokujongelwa phantsi ukuba bambalwa abantu abakwaziyo ukusebenzisa iirobhothi ezinzima kwiifektri zaseTshayina.
Abezopolitiko bajikela ingqalelo yabo ekuqeqesheni nasekuphuculeni izakhono zabasebenzi. Bakwakhuthaza amashishini ukuba atyale imali kwimfundo yobugcisa. Inokunceda, kodwa iBeijing kufuneka yenze okungakumbi ukufumana abasebenzi ukuba babambe iirobhothi. Into yokugqibela ayifunayo liqela loomatshini abangasebenziyo.
Le kholamu ayibonisi iimbono zabahleli okanye iBloomberg LP kunye nabanini bayo.
UAnjani Trivedi ngumbhali wemihlathi yeBloomberg Opinion. Ibandakanya amacandelo anje ngezopolitiko kunye neenkampani kubunjineli, iimoto, izithuthi zombane kunye namashishini ebhetri kwingingqi yeAsia-Pacific. Ngaphambili, wayengumbhali wezemali kunye neentengiso kunye nentatheli yeWall Street Journal. Ngaphambi koko, wayeyibhanki yotyalo-mali eNew York naseLondon.
Ixesha lokuposa: Mar-23-2023
